滋阴化痰方联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌的疗效观察

目的 探究滋阴化痰方联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效。方法 以2011年3月~2017年10月痰瘀互结证晚期胃癌患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为化疗组和中西医结合组,各40例。化疗组首先选用SOX方案,完成2个周期的治疗后,疾病进展者换用S-1+Docetaxel或CapeOX为主的方案治疗。中西医结合组在化疗基础上联用滋阴化痰方。比较两组疾病控制率(DCR)、客观有效率(RR)及治疗前后中医证候积分、Karnofsky活动状况量表(KPS)评分；观察两组患者治疗前后免疫功能指标及肿瘤炎性因子水平变化情况,并统计两组治疗后3年的生存情况。结果 中西医结合组RR高于化疗组(P<0.05),两组DCR对比无明显差异(P>0.05)；中西医结合组治疗后中医证候积分评分低于化疗组,KPS评分高于化疗组(P<0.05)；中西医结合组治疗后缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)水平低于化疗组(P<0.05)；中西医结合组治疗后CD3_⁺、CD4_⁺、CD4_⁺/CD8_⁺值大于化疗组(P<0.05)；两组1年、2年、3年生存率对比无明显差异(P>0.05),中西医结合组与化疗组中位OS分别为20.15、16.7个月。结论 滋阴化痰方联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌不仅能提高临床疗效,改善患者免疫功能,减轻炎症反应,还能提高患者生活质量,并能延长生存期。     

Breast Cancer Management During COVID-19 Pandemic in Madrid: Surgical Strategy

BackgroundFrom the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan (China), the infection spread all around the world causing a pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Spain has been one of the most severely affected countries, and Madrid has reported a high number of cases and deaths. We discuss our strategies for optimal breast cancer management during COVID-19 pandemic.Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study at Clínico San Carlos Hospital to analyze the management of patients with breast cancer during the pandemic outbreak and the surgical strategy after the pandemic outbreak. We created a practical and dynamic tool based on a “traffic light” system for prioritizing surgical time. Every patient was contacted by telephone with a preoperative COVID-19 protocol. After surgical procedures, patient satisfaction was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer in-patient satisfaction with cancer care questionnaire (EORTC IN-PATSAT32).ResultsPatients with breast cancer actively treated with surgical procedures were put on a waiting list and received systemic therapy. Telemedicine was used to evaluate any side effects and to avoid unnecessary hospital visits. Surgery was only considered after the pandemic outbreak, and then, only those procedures designed to minimize surgical complications and, therefore, reduce hospital stay. We also measured patients’ satisfaction with medical and nursing scales that resulted in a “very good” evaluation tending to “excellent”.ConclusionIt is necessary to adapt management of oncology treatment and surgical strategy to optimize resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients’ perception of care quality and the degree of patients’ satisfaction with health services has potential relevance in the absence of outcome data.     

Impact of radiation dose on complications among women with breast cancer who underwent breast reconstruction and post-mastectomy radiotherapy: A multi-institutional validation study

PurposeEmerging data suggest that higher radiation doses in post-mastectomy radiotherapy may be associated with an increased risk of reconstruction complications. This study aimed to validate previous findings regarding the impact of radiation dose on complications among women with breast cancer using a multi-center dataset.MethodsFifteen institutions participated, and women with breast cancer who received radiotherapy after either autologous or prosthetic breast reconstruction were included. The primary endpoint was major post-radiation therapy complications requiring re-operation for explantation, flap failure, or bleeding control.ResultsIn total, 314 patients were included. Radiotherapy was performed using both conventional fractionation and hypofractionation in various schedules. The range of the radiation therapy dose in Equivalent Dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2; α/β = 3.5) varied from 43.4 to 71.0 Gy (median dose: 48.6 Gy). Boost radiation therapy was administered to 49 patients. Major post-radiation therapy complications were observed in 24 (7.6%) patients. In multivariate analysis, an increasing EQD2 per Gy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–1.98; p < 0.001), current smoking status (OR: 25.48, 95% CI: 1.56–415.65; p = 0.023), and prosthetic breast reconstruction (OR: 9.28, 95% CI: 1.84–46.70; p = 0.007) were independently associated with an increased risk of major complications.ConclusionA dose-response relationship between radiation dose and the risk of complications was validated in this multi-center dataset. In this context, we hypothesize that the use of hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 15 fractions) may improve breast reconstruction outcomes. Our multi-center prospective observational study (NCT03523078) is underway to further validate this hypothesis.     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液对肺癌A549细胞自噬及PI3K/Akt通路的影响

目的探究铜绿假单胞菌注射液(PA-MSHA)对肺癌A549细胞自噬及磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)通路的影响。方法体外培养人肺癌A549细胞,随机分为空白对照组、LY294002组(加入20μmol/L LY294002),PA-MSHA干预组(加入0.5×10^9/mL、1.0×10^9/mL、2.0×10^9/mL PA-MSHA)。干预培养48 h后,MTT法检测各组细胞活性,平板克隆形成实验检测各组细胞增殖能力,透射电子显微镜观察各组细胞自噬情况,Western blot检测各组细胞中自噬相关蛋白p62、LC3Ⅰ、LC3Ⅱ及PI3K/Akt通路相关蛋白PI3K、Akt、p-PI3K、p-Akt表达。结果与空白对照组相比,LY294002组、0.5×10^9/mL、1.0×10^9/mL、2.0×10^9/mL PA-MSHA组细胞增殖抑制率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),自噬体个数增加,细胞克隆形成率、p62、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05);与LY294002组相比,0.5×10^9/mL、1.0×10^9/mL PA-MSHA组细胞增殖抑制率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),自噬体个数减少,细胞克隆形成率、p62、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05);与0.5×10^9/mL、1.0×10^9/mL PA-MSHA组相比,2.0×10^9/mL PA-MSHA组细胞增殖抑制率、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),自噬体个数增加,细胞克隆形成率、p62、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论PA-MSHA可能通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路,促进肺癌A549细胞自噬,抑制细胞增殖。     

Throat cancer surgery training in France

This article reviews the development of practical and theoretical teaching of surgical management of throat cancer, from the dialectic of the Middle Ages to computer simulation of the 21st century. This work is essentially based on original historical publications, analysed from secondary references relevant to the interpretation of the original texts. The literature search was essentially conducted in the “bibliothèque universitaire de médecine de Tours”, the “bibliothèque inter-universitaire de médecine de Paris”, the “Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris archives” and the “bibliothèque nationale de France”. PubMed was used for the most recent references. The search terms focused on surgical training, the history of otorhinolaryngology and throat cancer. Up until the 19th century, throat cancer surgery training was provided by general surgeons. The otorhinolaryngology specialty was created at the turn of the 20th century: throat cancer surgery became a subspecialty, but certain university obstacles prevented the creation of formal throat cancer surgery training. In the 20th and 21st century, throat cancer surgery training was enhanced by technical innovations as well as ethical imperatives. The principle of mentoring, essential in surgical training, has remained a constant feature throughout the ages, regardless of the scientific progress described in this historical review.     

加速康复外科理念在胃癌围术期中应用研究进展

加速康复外科是在循证医学证据的支撑下,优化围术期管理,减少患者生理和心理创伤应激,实现快速康复的一种外科新理念。近年,加速康复外科理念在胃癌领域迅速发展,可减少胃癌患者围术期应激,加快患者机体恢复。目前,我国不同地区、不同级别医院、不同学科专家对其重视程度和理解有较大差异,整体发展较缓慢。本文就加速康复外科的内涵及其在胃癌围术期中应用的研究进展作一综述。     

腰-硬联合麻醉在经尿道前列腺电切术患者中的应用效果

目的探索腰-硬联合麻醉在经尿道前列腺电切术患者中的应用效果。方法选择120例经尿道前列腺电切术患者为试验对象,采用单双号随机化法将其分为观察组和对照组,各60例。观察组采用腰-硬联合麻醉,对照组采用全身麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果。结果术后12 h,观察组S100β、NE水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。T₁、T₂时,两组MAP、HR均升高,但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组胃肠道反应、呼吸抑制、血压下降发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1、3、7 d,观察组MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对经尿道前列腺电切术患者实施腰-硬联合麻醉,能够减轻对患者认知功能的损伤,提高治疗安全性。     

Prognostic and immunological roles of Fc fragment of IgG binding protein in colorectal cancer

Valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Previous studies have reported altered expression of a mucin-like protein Fc fragment of IgG binding protein (FCGBP) in various types of cancer, but its potential diagnostic, prognostic and immunological roles in CRC remain to be determined. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the potential roles of FCGBP in CRC. The present study investigated FCGBP mutations and changes in its expression levels using a combination of microarray and public dataset analyses, as well as immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated a 10.5% mutation frequency in the FCGBP coding sequence in CRC tissues, and identified decreased FCGBP mRNA or protein expression levels in colorectal adenoma and CRC (compared with those in normal colorectal tissues from healthy control subjects), including pathologically advanced CRC (stage III+IV vs. I+II). Survival analysis using the GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases revealed that low FCGBP expression levels were associated with short overall, disease-free, relapse-free and event-free survival times in patients with CRC. Notably, analysis using the online Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database revealed a positive correlation between FCGBP expression levels and the extent of infiltrating immune cells, such as B cells and dendritic cells. Consistently, the expression levels of most markers (51/57) for various types of immune cells were significantly correlated with FCGBP expression levels in CRC tissues. These findings suggested that FCGBP may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and that FCGBP may be associated with immune infiltration in CRC.